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[14] +Overfull \hbox (1.74353pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 356--357 +[]\OT1/phv/m/n/10 Extensive ac-cel-er-a-tor di-ag-nos-tic for beam char-ac-ter- +i-za-tion, in-clud-ing beam and bunch charge, + [] + Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (28.45274pt): (fancyhdr) Make it at least 28.66049pt, for example: @@ -1034,7 +1032,16 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (28.45274pt): (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-0.20775pt}. -[17] +[17] + +Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (28.45274pt): +(fancyhdr) Make it at least 28.66049pt, for example: +(fancyhdr) \setlength{\headheight}{28.66049pt}. +(fancyhdr) You might also make \topmargin smaller to compensate: + +(fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-0.20775pt}. + +[18] AED: lastpage setting LastPage Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (28.45274pt): @@ -1044,23 +1051,31 @@ Package fancyhdr Warning: \headheight is too small (28.45274pt): (fancyhdr) \addtolength{\topmargin}{-0.20775pt}. -[18] (./proposal.aux) +[19] (./proposal.aux) + +LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. + + +Package biblatex Warning: Please (re)run BibTeX on the file(s): +(biblatex) proposal +(biblatex) and rerun LaTeX afterwards. + Package logreq Info: Writing requests to 'proposal.run.xml'. \openout1 = `proposal.run.xml'. ) (\end occurred inside a group at level 1) -### simple group (level 1) entered at line 213 ({) +### simple group (level 1) entered at line 214 ({) ### bottom level Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: - 16175 strings out of 478287 - 333368 string characters out of 5849289 - 1079162 words of memory out of 5000000 - 34210 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 - 494983 words of font info for 65 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 + 16208 strings out of 478287 + 334763 string characters out of 5849289 + 1079600 words of memory out of 5000000 + 34242 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 + 496616 words of font info for 67 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 - 108i,13n,106p,10603b,1500s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s + 108i,13n,106p,10603b,1569s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s {/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/base/8r.enc}{/us r/share/texmf/fonts/enc/dvips/cm-super/cm-super-ts1.enc} -Output written on proposal.pdf (18 pages, 856510 bytes). +Output written on proposal.pdf (19 pages, 864720 bytes). 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Exploring the possibilities and defining the physical limitations of accelerator-based pulse shaping and modulation\\ IV. Investigating methods and algorithms solving the inverse problem, i.e. calculating the required initial beam distribution from a desired beam shape on target (based on I. - III.)\\ -These objectives will be achieved by investigating the influence of collective effects on the beam generation, beam transport, beam-matter interaction and diagnostics in novel electron radiotherapy methods with temporally and spatially structured beams. Therefore, different interactions of beam particles with one another, described as collective effects, will be considered and incorporated into theoretical calculations and simulations of the transport of the particle beam from start-to-end, not only within the accelerator but also extended to the transport through matter (e.g., air or water) (objective I.). Furthermore, systematic studies on the dependence of different detection mechanisms and diagnostic tools on temporal and spatial pulse shapes combined with varying intensity will give insight into which diagnostic tools are suitable to aid in reliably delivering the desired conditions (objective II.). The investigation on the possibility to modulate the beam in the accelerator will pursue and compare different methods which will provide different temporal and spacial modulations. It will also entail studies on which modulations can be achieved on the final target when taking the transport through matter into consideration (objective III.). Employing the improved and extended simulation (from the first objective) to predict the resulting distribution on the target, might allow to consider the effects of the beam transport already during the generation of the beam. And if successful, this could enable the generation of a temporal and spatial particle distribution which preemptively compensates for the deformation expected during the propagation of the particle distribution from generation to the target. As a result, it would become possible to generate (within certain parameter limits) user-definable final particle distributions on the target (objective IV.). +These objectives will be achieved by investigating the influence of collective effects on the beam generation, beam transport, beam-matter interaction and diagnostics in novel electron radiotherapy methods with temporally and spatially structured beams. Therefore, different interactions of beam-particles with one another, described as collective effects, will be considered and incorporated into theoretical calculations and simulations of the transport of the particle beam from start-to-end, not only within the accelerator but also extended to the transport through matter (e.g., air or water) (objective I.). Furthermore, systematic studies on the dependence of different detection mechanisms and diagnostic tools on temporal and spatial pulse shapes combined with varying intensity will give insight into which diagnostic tools are suitable to aid in reliably delivering the desired conditions (objective II.). The investigation on the possibility to modulate the beam in the accelerator will pursue and compare different methods which will provide different temporal and spacial modulations. It will also entail studies on which modulations can be achieved on the final target when taking the transport through matter into consideration (objective III.). Employing the improved and extended simulation (from the first objective) to predict the resulting distribution on the target, might allow to consider the effects of the beam transport already during the generation of the beam. And if successful, this could enable the generation of a temporal and spatial particle distribution which preemptively compensates for the deformation expected during the propagation of the particle distribution from generation to the target. As a result, it would become possible to generate (within certain parameter limits) user-definable final particle distributions on the target (objective IV.). \section{Relation to Helmholtz Mission and Programme?} ... @@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ Some of the aforementioned most pressing questions and challenges for accelerato In general, a sound understanding of the effects involved in the dynamics of temporally and spatially structured RT beams is required for the generation, the propagation as well as the detection of the resulting high dose-rate pulses. Identifying the contributing collective effects and shedding more light onto their deforming influence is therefore crucial to accurately predict the particle-, and therefore, dose-distribution on target. \subsection{Previous relevant work on beam dynamics, collective effects and diagnostics by Dr. Brosi} -In the last years, I have performed systematic studies of the longitudinal as well as transverse collective effects and instabilities influencing the bunch shape in all dimensions. The main goal was to investigate phenomena occurring under extreme operation modes to understand and circumvent resulting performance limitations while contributing to the general advancement of the field. The studied conditions included high charge in single bunches, dedicated short bunch-length operation modes at the storage ring KARA \cite{brosi_prab19}[24] and small transverse bunch-sizes in the ultra-low emittance synchrotron light source MAX IV [21], [22], all conditions prone to instabilities leading to dynamic sub-structures in the charge density of the bunches. For the investigations, I conducted experimental studies and systematic simulations. +In the last years, I have performed systematic studies of the longitudinal as well as transverse collective effects and instabilities influencing the bunch shape in all dimensions. The main goal was to investigate phenomena occurring under extreme operation modes to understand and circumvent resulting performance limitations while contributing to the general advancement of the field. The studied conditions included high charge in single bunches, dedicated short bunch-length operation modes at the storage ring KARA \cite{brosi_prab19} [24] and small transverse bunch-sizes in the ultra-low emittance synchrotron light source MAX IV [21], [22], all conditions prone to instabilities leading to dynamic sub-structures in the charge density of the bunches. For the investigations, I conducted experimental studies and systematic simulations. To evaluate the expected collective effects in the context of this proposal, simulations will be a valuable tool for which I have gained extensive experience in my previous research. For example, my studies of the micro-bunching instability, which occurs at bunch lengths in the order of several picoseconds or less, showed for example, an additional region of instability for certain parameters at lower bunch charge as predicted by the text-book equations [24]. To perform the theoretical calculations, I used the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck solver Inovesa [25], which simulates the longitudinal dynamics under the influence of the coherent synchrotron radiation impedance. To this end, the particle density distribution in the longitudinal phase space is calculated via the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation for each time step. I was involved in the scientific conceptualization of the code as well as testing the software and extensive benchmarking against measurements to assess the correctness of the results. Later, I extended the simulation to also include the influence of the geometric and resistive-wall impedance for studies of the micro-wave instability at MAX IV [21]. With these simulations I could very well reproduce the deformations in the longitudinal bunch shape observed experimentally (see Figure 2). \begin{figure}[b] @@ -246,14 +247,47 @@ To achieve the objectives, the work program is structured in the following work % \vspace{0.2cm} \subsection{WP A} -As new, advanced radiotherapy modalities rely on high intensity, short or spatially structured particle beams, the influence of interactions between the beam particles will be increased compared to conventional radiotherapy. Work package A will study the influence of these collective effects on the beam in the accelerator as well as on the beam transport through matter onto the irradiation target. Sub-work package A1 will focus on the resulting beam dynamics during the beam generation in the accelerator by, firstly, conducting a case study of the influence of collective effects during the beam generation for FLASH and Microbeam RT in proposed, dedicated accelerators (WP A1.1). Established accelerator simulation tools, such as ASTRA, AT or Ocelot will be studied as each includes a different set of collective effects. WP A1.2 will use the linear accelerator FLUTE at KIT as a testbed and compare measurements and simulations of different beam parameters resembling the desired RT beam properties. The second sub-work package (WP A2) will focus on the influence of the extreme beam properties (high intensity, temporally and spatially structured) on the beam-matter interaction on the way from the accelerator to the target tissue inside the patient. In WP A2.1 the existing models and simulation tools used in beam transport trough matter will be reviewed and in WP A2.2 simulations with a variety of possible beam properties generated by FLUTE will be conducted with codes commonly employed in radiotherapy settings, like BDSIM (Geant4), EGSnrc, FLUKA and the new KiT-RT framework. WP A2.3 will investigate, in the context of beam-matter interaction, how different possible interactions between the beam particles themselves affect the passage through matter. To this end, collective effects known from accelerator physics, such as space charge, intra-beam scattering, transition or coherent synchrotron radiation effects and ion- or electron cloud effects (depending on the beam particle type) are evaluated and their relevance depending on beam properties estimated. As next step, in WP A3, the effects will be incorporated into the calculations for the beam transport through matter and combined with simulations of the dynamics in the accelerator to create a start-to-end simulation tool. Multiple options on how the different simulations and calculations are to be combined will be evaluated, in order to find the best implementation method for beam propagation simulation through the accelerator and matter interactions not only for single particles but also taking into account collective effects. Possible methods include Monte Carlo simulations, particle tracking, phase-space density propagation by solving the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation and the application of covariance matrices. The successful completion of WP A will deliver objective I. +As new, advanced radiotherapy modalities rely on high intensity, short and/or spatially structured particle beams, the influence of interactions between the beam-particles is significantly increased compared to conventional radiotherapy. Work package A will study the influence of these collective effects on the beam in the accelerator as well as during the beam transport through matter onto the irradiation target. + +Sub-work package A1 will focus on the resulting beam dynamics during the beam generation in the accelerator. As first step (WP A1.1), a case study will be conducted. The influence of collective effects during the generation of beams for FLASH and Microbeam RT based on accelerator parameters of proposed accelerator designs for dedicated FLASH accelerators, e.g. \cite{faillace_perspectives_2022}, will be simulated. A combination of established accelerator simulation tools, such as ASTRA, AT or Ocelot will be employed as each includes different implementations of different sets of collective effects. +WP A1.2 will use the linear accelerator FLUTE~\cite{FLUTE} at KIT as a testbed and compare measurements and simulations of different beam parameters resembling the desired radiotherapy beam properties. To this end, multiple different available operation modes in a wide parameter range will be evaluated to find a set of suitable conditions. Similar to WP A1.1, simulations of the beam dynamics will be conducted to understand and quantify the influence of of collective effects on the beam properties. Experimental measurements can be conducted with the existing, extensive accelerator diagnostic tools at FLUTE. The experimental measurements will overlap with the planned test in WP B1.1 on the applicability of accelerator diagnostics for these extreme beam properties. +\color{red}ADD THAT EFFECT ON DISTRIBUTION IS INVESTIGATED AS THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT\color{black} + +The second sub-work package (WP A2) will focus on the influence of the extreme beam properties (high intensity, temporally and spatially structured) on the beam-matter interaction on the way from the accelerator to the target tissue inside the patient. +In WP A2.1 existing models and simulation tools used in beam transport through matter calculations will be reviewed in detail to gain an overview of the effects typically considered, such as elastic and inelastic scattering, or bremsstrahlung. Based on preliminary research, it is expected that in most cases, purely the interaction of individual beam-particles with matter is considered \color{red} and the influence of neighboring beam-particles is neglected/not considered. \color{black} +In WP A2.2 corresponding simulations for a variety of possible beam properties generated at FLUTE will be conducted to evaluate the influence of the different interaction types. To this end, codes commonly employed in the radiotherapy and accelerator context will be used, such as BDSIM (based on Geant4)~\cite{nevay_bdsim_2020}, EGSnrc~\cite{kawrakow_egsnrc_2001}, FLUKA~\cite{battistoni_fluka_2016} and the new KiT-RT framework~\cite{kusch_kit-rt_2022}. % FLUKA [20], EGSnrc [21], BDSIM [22] or the KiT-RT (Kinetic Transport for radiation therapy) framework designed for easy extendibility [23]. +WP A2.3 will investigate, in the context of beam-matter interaction, how the close presence of neighboring beam-particles and different possible interactions between the beam-particles themselves affect the passage through matter. To this end, collective effects known from accelerator physics, such as space charge, intra-beam scattering, transition or coherent synchrotron radiation effects and ion- or electron cloud effects (depending on the beam-particle type) are evaluated and their relevance depending on the chosen beam properties is estimated. + +As next step (WP A3), the found effects will be incorporated into the calculations for the beam transport through matter and combined with simulations of the dynamics in the accelerator to create a start-to-end simulation. +Multiple options on how the different simulations and calculations are to be combined will be evaluated. The goal is to find the best implementation method for beam propagation simulation through the accelerator and matter interactions not only for single particles but also taking into account collective effects. +Possible methods, based on my experience in simulating collective effects in accelerators, include Monte Carlo simulations, particle tracking, phase-space density propagation by solving the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation, which originates from plasma physics, and the application of covariance matrices. for these methods, the influence of the surrounding beam-particles is often described as electro-magnetic fields, referred to as wake-fields and as impedances. +As outcome of this work package a start-to-end simulation tool will be developed, which includes the consideration of collective effects in the accelerator as well as on the transport through matter to the target. + +The successful completion of WP A will deliver objective I. \subsection{WP B} -The extreme beam properties not only affect the beam propagation but also increase the complexity of applicable detection mechanisms and diagnostic tools. WP B1 will focus on accelerator-based beam diagnostic, such as fast beam current transformers, beam position monitors, fluorescence screens and more complex systems such as electro-optical bunch profile monitors [32], synchrotron or transition radiation monitors among others, with regards to their suitability for and ability to detect high intensity, temporally and spatially structured particle bunches with a high accuracy. Experimental tests are planed in WP B1.1 and will be compared with simulations from WP A1.2. This will give input for the assessment in WP B1.2 on the potential of different diagnostic methods as support for RT beam diagnostics with shot to shot capabilities and the required adequate resolution and stability for medical applications. Work package B2 will focus on the effect the high dose rate generated by short beam pulses has on the dosimetry detectors. In WP B2.1, the ultra-short electron pulses from FLUTE and the ultra-short photon pulses generated at the KIT synchrotron light source with the electron storage ring KARA can be used for experimental tests of different dosimetry methods and their dependence on beam properties such as pulse length, intensity, transverse size and energy. As starting point an advanced Markus chamber and the newly-developed flash-diamond detector [8] will be tested towards the dependence on pulse length. Based on these measurements, also the recent developments of improved theoretical dosimetry correction factors for ion-recombination [7] can be validated with the ultra-short pulses (WP B2.2). And work package B2.3 will investigate possibilities for measuring a 2-dimensional dose distribution. For tests of the spatial resolution, the electron beam at FLUTE could be modulated, for example, by using collimators or potentially a mask at the accelerator exit. Furthermore, to measure the 2-dimensional particle distribution, typical accelerator diagnostics such as fluorescence screens for profile monitors will be assess for application outside the accelerator vacuum in WP B3 as preparation for WP C. In this context also detector test of new detector types under development at KIT, for example radiation hard CMOS-pixel detectors [33], could be incorporated as well as tests at facilities with proton or ion beams (e.g., HIT in Heidelberg or the GSI in Darmstadt). Completing WP B successfully will achieve objective II. +The extreme beam properties not only affect the beam propagation but also increase the complexity of applicable detection mechanisms and diagnostic tools. + +WP B1 will focus on accelerator-based beam diagnostic, such as fast beam current transformers, beam position monitors, fluorescence screens and more complex systems such as electro-optical bunch profile monitors [32], synchrotron or transition radiation monitors among others, with regards to their suitability for and ability to detect high intensity, temporally and spatially structured particle bunches with a high accuracy. Experimental tests are planed in WP B1.1 and will be compared with simulations from WP A1.2. This will give input for the assessment in WP B1.2 on the potential of different diagnostic methods as support for RT beam diagnostics with shot to shot capabilities and the required adequate resolution and stability for medical applications. + +Work package B2 will focus on the effect the high dose rate generated by short beam pulses has on the dosimetry detectors. In WP B2.1, the ultra-short electron pulses from FLUTE and the ultra-short photon pulses generated at the KIT synchrotron light source with the electron storage ring KARA can be used for experimental tests of different dosimetry methods and their dependence on beam properties such as pulse length, intensity, transverse size and energy. As starting point an advanced Markus chamber and the newly-developed flash-diamond detector [8] will be tested towards the dependence on pulse length. Based on these measurements, also the recent developments of improved theoretical dosimetry correction factors for ion-recombination [7] can be validated with the ultra-short pulses (WP B2.2). And work package B2.3 will investigate possibilities for measuring a 2-dimensional dose distribution. For tests of the spatial resolution, the electron beam at FLUTE could be modulated, for example, by using collimators or potentially a mask at the accelerator exit. + +Furthermore, to measure the 2-dimensional particle distribution, typical accelerator diagnostics such as fluorescence screens for profile monitors will be assess for application outside the accelerator vacuum in WP B3 as preparation for WP C. In this context also detector test of new detector types under development at KIT, for example radiation hard CMOS-pixel detectors [33], could be incorporated as well as tests at facilities with proton or ion beams (e.g., HIT in Heidelberg or the GSI in Darmstadt). + +Completing WP B successfully will achieve objective II. \subsection{WP C} -This work package aims to understand the physical and theoretical limits of accelerator-based beam modulation and shaping for the application in radiotherapy. The first step (WP C1) will be to explore different methods for temporal and spatial manipulation of the beam shape. This will be based, firstly, on simulations exploring a variety of options for different possible accelerator types operating as RT sources (WP C1.1). One general option would be, for example, to employ the accelerator focusing magnets to modify the bunch shape, by over-focusing the beam at the accelerator exit. Secondly, in WP C1.2, the possibility on modulations of the source distribution, will be experimentally tested by modulating the gun laser spot on the electron-gun with the spatial light modulator set-up a FLUTE [16]. The second step (WP C2) includes then the investigation of the evolution of the modulated bunch shape during the transport through the accelerator and through matter on to the target. The investigation of the bunch shape evolution will consist of simulations (WP C2.1) based on the results in work package A, which can then be compared with experimental measurements in WP C2.2, using the diagnostics tested in WP B. Upon finishing WP C1+C2, we can attain objective III. -WP C3 and C4, will then investigate how and to what extend it is possible to generate a custom particle distribution and thereby a custom dose distribution on target tissue. To this end, WP C3, will examine possible methods and algorithms for calculating, based on a desired final distributions, the required, corresponding initial particle distribution in the accelerator. As this work will build on the work from work package A3, especially on the designed start-to-end simulation, the optimal methods will likely depend on the algorithm chosen in WP A3. Several possible methods can be imagined, ranging from systematically mapping final distributions for a wide variety of initial distributions resulting in a type of catalog, over the analytical or numerical inversion of the transport matrix described in form of covariance matrices, up to employing machine learning algorithms trained on arbitrary bunch shapes propagated through the start-to-end simulation. When this connection between the final and the initial distribution is established, it can be combined with the beam modulation methods established in WP C1. WP C4.1 will, as a first step, employ this to compensate the effect the beam transport has on the pulse shape by considering these deformations already during the beam generation. And in WP C4.2 the capability of this method will be tested and the limits in the achievable distributions on target will be explored. With this, the last objective (IV.) will be achieved. +This work package aims to understand the physical and theoretical limits of accelerator-based beam modulation and shaping for the application in radiotherapy. + +The first step (WP C1) will be to explore different methods for temporal and spatial manipulation of the beam shape. This will be based, firstly, on simulations exploring a variety of options for different possible accelerator types operating as RT sources (WP C1.1). One general option would be, for example, to employ the accelerator focusing magnets to modify the bunch shape, by over-focusing the beam at the accelerator exit. Secondly, in WP C1.2, the possibility on modulations of the source distribution, will be experimentally tested by modulating the gun laser spot on the electron-gun with the spatial light modulator set-up a FLUTE [16]. + +The second step (WP C2) includes then the investigation of the evolution of the modulated bunch shape during the transport through the accelerator and through matter on to the target. The investigation of the bunch shape evolution will consist of simulations (WP C2.1) based on the results in work package A, which can then be compared with experimental measurements in WP C2.2, using the diagnostics tested in WP B. Upon finishing WP C1+C2, we can attain objective III. + +WP C3 and C4, will then investigate how and to what extend it is possible to generate a custom particle distribution and thereby a custom dose distribution on target tissue. To this end, WP C3, will examine possible methods and algorithms for calculating, based on a desired final distributions, the required, corresponding initial particle distribution in the accelerator. As this work will build on the work from work package A3, especially on the designed start-to-end simulation, the optimal methods will likely depend on the algorithm chosen in WP A3. Several possible methods can be imagined, ranging from systematically mapping final distributions for a wide variety of initial distributions resulting in a type of catalog, over the analytical or numerical inversion of the transport matrix described in form of covariance matrices, up to employing machine learning algorithms trained on arbitrary bunch shapes propagated through the start-to-end simulation. + +When this connection between the final and the initial distribution is established, it can be combined with the beam modulation methods established in WP C1. WP C4.1 will, as a first step, employ this to compensate the effect the beam transport has on the pulse shape by considering these deformations already during the beam generation. And in WP C4.2 the capability of this method will be tested and the limits in the achievable distributions on target will be explored. + +With this, the last objective (IV.) will be achieved. \section{Work Plan?} diff --git a/Helmholtz/full_poposal/proposal_text/proposal.toc b/Helmholtz/full_poposal/proposal_text/proposal.toc index b411ca3..1bfdde6 100644 --- a/Helmholtz/full_poposal/proposal_text/proposal.toc +++ b/Helmholtz/full_poposal/proposal_text/proposal.toc @@ -8,16 +8,16 @@ \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Previous relevant work on beam dynamics, collective effects and diagnostics by Dr. Brosi}{7}{}% \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Work Packages?}{10}{}% \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}WP A}{10}{}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}WP B}{11}{}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3}WP C}{11}{}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Work Plan?}{12}{}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}Time plan}{12}{}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2}Group structure}{12}{}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3}Existing scientific equipment and infrastructure}{14}{}% -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4}Handling of research data/Research data plan}{14}{}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}WP B}{12}{}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3}WP C}{12}{}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Work Plan?}{13}{}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}Time plan}{13}{}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2}Group structure}{13}{}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3}Existing scientific equipment and infrastructure}{15}{}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4}Handling of research data/Research data plan}{15}{}% \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5}Financial plan}{16}{}% \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.5.1}Personnel costs}{16}{}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.5.2}Material costs}{17}{}% -\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.5.3}Travel costs}{17}{}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Cooperation and communication plan?}{18}{}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.5.2}Material costs}{18}{}% +\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.5.3}Travel costs}{18}{}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Cooperation and communication plan?}{19}{}% \providecommand \tocbasic@end@toc@file {}\tocbasic@end@toc@file