complex beam dynamics at accelerator towards application in advanced radiation therapy phase space.... complex dynamics of structured beams for advanced radiation therapy The present advances in accelerator based RT, like FLASH RT or microbeam RT, lead to operation parameters of the accelerator that can not anymore be described by simple linear optics and beam dynamics. Instead, the consideration of nonlinear and complex optics as well as beam dynamics influenced by collective effects becomes necessary due to the development towards higher charge and energy combined with shorter pulse lengths and transverse modulations. my experience in longitudinal as well as transverse collective effects and instabilities influencing the electron bunch shape in all dimensions.... at rings but focus on single bunch effects can be transferred to linac.. simulations as well as experimental studies... also diagnostics, used electron-beam based as well as synchrotron-radiation based and improved and developed further diagnostic methods ... Much data analysis... and investigating new phenomena occurring in extreme operation modes... bridge gap between accelerator science and medical physics study from accelerator point of view all the beam dynamics effects relevant in the generation of such beams as well as the diagnostic to reliably deliver the predicted conditions. Furthermore, extent the simulations of the beam dynamics beyond the end of the accelerator all the way into the target, by including the transport in air and water/matter. This will allow the prediction of the temporal and spacial shape (shape and length) of the radiation/electron pulse not only at the exit of the accelerator but also at any diagnostic on the way and finally also at the target inside the patient. beam-matter interaction have been described in the past by covariance matrices...(based on e.g. average scattering angles,...) which was applied e.g. for thin foils in the beam path. This can be applied and adapted to calculating the impact of the beam-matter interaction on the beam properties during the transport all the way to the target. Therefore, the feasibility and the accuracy of predicting the beam properties on target can be improved. In case, the spacial structuring of the beam on target is of importance, it is critical to know how the spacial distribution changes along the way from generation to the target. To this end the beam-matter interaction out side the accelerator will be included in the simulations. On top of this, calculations of the collective effects occurring within the high intensity beam will be added by extending established theoretical descriptions usually applied to beam dynamics calculations within the accelerator, to the beam transport outside the accelerator. The hope is that, by extending the calculation of these effects beyond the accelerator, as a first step, it becomes possible to predict the resulting spatial distribution on target. And as a second step, it might allow to consider effects of the beam transport already during the generation. Ideally, this would allow the generation of a spacial distribution which preemptively compensates for the expected changes. TEST with experiment and iteratively improve model....by testing impact and relevance of different effects (for example space charge, MORE effects?) in general and depending on the beam properties (energy, charge, custom(?) temporal and spacial pattern) in simulations as well as crosscheck with measurements -rewrite with more focus on the FLASH und less on microbeams, but more as second schwerpunkt ------------------ Stichpunkte für text: - mehr schwerpunkt auf was am ende da ist in project beschreibung und goals -z.b. verständniss schaffen von einfluss von collective effects auf verschiedene strahl modalitäten (?) (größe, länge, strukturierung) um aussagen treffen zu können welche strahl"structuren" realistisch sind, bzw. leicht oder auch schwer zu erzeugen/transportieren/diagnostizieren und damit geeignet und ungeeignet für massen anwending and medizin linacs, - und auch damit testbett an FLUTE entwickeln (am ende des projects zur verfügung stellen) an dem dann RT medizin experten wunsch strahlen untersuchen können und verstehen ob es dass ist was sie wollen - dazu verständnis, verbesserte modelle durch kombinieren von accelerator simulationen mit transport durch materie MC und wo fehlt entwicklung von theory. test und benchmarking der model im experiment - dazu auch aufbau von diagnostic und test verschiedener diagnostic methoden und ihrer eignung für die unterschiedlichen möglichen strahlstrukturen. - mein langfristiges Forschungsziel ist es, das wissen und knowhow der beschleuniger physik zur dynamic in komplexen und strukturierten strahlen zu übertragen und damit die strahlen genutzt bei RT besser zu verstehen, kontrollieren und besser auf diesen anwendungszweck zu schneiden und damit auch die möglichen/nutzbaren modalitäten/strahlstrukturen für die RT zu erweitern und deren diagnostic und meterologie zu verfeinern/reliable zu machen - zu methodes: normally EGSnrc or fluka fed with source model based on measurements at end of linac, go next step and feed it with out put of simulation/model (for virtual diagnostics)/digital twin of beam from gun to end of linac. More information as not only beam size but also convergence information available (full 6 D phase space in principle). Furthermore, this allows to change accelerator settings and results are directly propagated to MC (monte carlo) simulation and further. ----------- TODO: - What about longitudinal modulation which is transformed in spatial modulation by fast sweep in the end? similar to TDC or split ring resonator? - or what about energy modulation which is transformed to spatial modulation by spectrometer bend? -for microbeams first start with mask close before target? in case structuring from gun does not survive -use SLM to change spot on cathode shot by shot, and therefore, change (e.g.) scan e beam. is this simpler, than scanning with a magnet? !- https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-3947(02)00086-9 shows electron beam through mask, but beamlets combine again after some 10 mmm. what if e beam directly micro structured, investigate how this would propagate through accelerator and later through air, water and matter Dose-Volume Effect, where the tolerance of normal tissue to radiation damage increases dramatically as the radiation field size decreases, ??? -------------------- develop predictions/simulations as well as select correct diagnostics test both with measurements flash, short pulses but how short when arriving micro-structured beams spatial light modulator -> structuring possible but what arrives at target due to scattering and space charge effects (between beamlets)?!! pulse charakteristik bunch strukture, mikro beams probleme auch pulse längen messung nicht nur charge tests possible at different energies flute as rf-based accelerator and maybe ATHENA as laser based accelerator as (preliminary) source of short electron pulses THz/x-ray from KARA? -------------- these studies will define an optimal set... these studies will provide simulation tools(?)/simulations for ...(pulse customarily shaped in space and time) ( transport through accelerator to target supported by specialized(?) diagnostics) Darüber hinaus werde ich mit den bereits von mir mit-entwickelten Methoden... the research aims to greatly extend/improve/.... have been developed and ready to be adapted. will be investigated as required pave the way towards.... beam modalities an unmet challenge "The proposed Emmy-Noether research group will develop and adapt microcalorimeters especially for the needs of heavy-ion physics experiments. One focus lies on ..." "Es ist das Ziel dieses Forschungsprojektes, eine eindeutige experimentelle Antwort auf die Frage nach der Existenz einer vierten Generation zu finden. "